大跨地铁风道导洞开挖的地表沉降分布规律研究

北京地铁8号线大红门桥站-和义站区间附属风道为跨度16.2 m的单跨结构,采用暗挖洞桩法(PBA工法)施工。为有效控制导洞开挖引起的地表沉降,必须合理安排导洞施工顺序。基于三维数值模拟方法对不同的导洞开挖方案地表沉降分布规律进行研究,并与地表沉降监测结果进行比较分析。结果表明:不同的导洞开挖顺序的地表沉降发展路径差别显著,但最终的沉降值基本一致;随着导洞的开挖,地表沉降槽宽度增加并不明显,但是由于导洞开挖的群洞效应,地表沉降速度发展较快。因此在后续的拱部开挖支护中,必须通过调整支护措施和开挖方案来严格控制地层沉降。     

Estimating traffic volumes for signalized intersections using connected vehicle data

Recently connected vehicle (CV) technology has received significant attention thanks to active pilot deployments supported by the US Department of Transportation (USDOT). At signalized intersections, CVs may serve as mobile sensors, providing opportunities of reducing dependencies on conventional vehicle detectors for signal operation. However, most of the existing studies mainly focus on scenarios that penetration rates of CVs reach certain level, e.g., 25%, which may not be feasible in the near future. How to utilize data from a small number of CVs to improve traffic signal operation remains an open question. In this work, we develop an approach to estimate traffic volume, a key input to many signal optimization algorithms, using GPS trajectory data from CV or navigation devices under low market penetration rates. To estimate traffic volumes, we model vehicle arrivals at signalized intersections as a time-dependent Poisson process, which can account for signal coordination. The estimation problem is formulated as a maximum likelihood problem given multiple observed trajectories from CVs approaching to the intersection. An expectation maximization (EM) procedure is derived to solve the estimation problem. Two case studies were conducted to validate our estimation algorithm. One uses the CV data from the Safety Pilot Model Deployment (SPMD) project, in which around 2800 CVs were deployed in the City of Ann Arbor, MI. The other uses vehicle trajectory data from users of a commercial navigation service in China. Mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of the estimation is found to be 9–12%, based on benchmark data manually collected and data from loop detectors. Considering the existing scale of CV deployments, the proposed approach could be of significant help to traffic management agencies for evaluating and operating traffic signals, paving the way of using CVs for detector-free signal operation in the future.     

Probabilistic multi-aircraft conflict detection approach for trajectory-based operation

Conflict detection (CD) is one of the key functions used to ensure air transport safety and efficiency. In trajectory-based operation (TBO), aircraft are provided with more flexibility in en route trajectory planning and more responsibility for self-separation. The high flexibility in trajectory planning enables random changes in pilot intent, thus increasing the uncertainty in trajectory prediction and CD. This study proposes a novel probabilistic CD approach for TBO in which the uncertainty of pilot intent is taken into account by quantifying the aircraft reachable domain constrained by the flight plan. First, a probabilistic model for aircraft trajectory prediction is developed using the truncated Brownian bridge method. Based on this model, a novel conflict probability estimation method is developed. Finally, the performance of the proposed probabilistic CD approach is demonstrated through an illustrative air traffic scenario.     

The pros and cons of Intelligent Speed Adaptation as a restrictive measure for serious speed offenders

In 2011 in the Netherlands a field operational test was performed to investigate the possibility of using restrictive Intelligent Speed Adaptation (ISA) as a penalty system for serious speed offenders. This paper presents the overall results of the research focusing on the pros and cons of the use of ISA as a restrictive measure for serious speed offenders, and on the preconditions for deployment. The results showed that the ISA systems tested have a huge effect on driver behavior and have the potential to improve road safety by reducing the level of speeding, mean speed, as well as the standard deviation of speed. However, there are also cons: the behavioral change in driving behavior was only temporary. In addition the tested technology proved too easy to override, raised issues of equity, and a substantial back office is required when implementing the system for serious speed offenders.     

关于加强引航管理和引航安全监管的几点认识

引航在我国对外开放、促进港航经济持续快速发展方面起着十分重要的作用。就如何改进引航管理及引航安全监督,文章从引航以及引航员的性质入手进行了分析。     

太阳能游览船能量平衡及续航里程研究

以某太阳能游览船为对象,分析船机桨能量平衡关系,建立船舶运动能量计算模型,计算匀速航速下的能量消耗,根据电池输出能量与船舶航行消耗能量相等原则,预测游览船续驶里程。通过实际运行数据表明,该模型能够较为准确的计算消耗功率,有效地预测游船的续驶里程。     

新型救助引航船“PILOT”号的特点

世界上引航船种类很多,但是具有多功能及具备技术先进的并不多。本文介绍我国制造出口澳大利亚的第一艘新型救助引航船,该船可用于引航、巡逻、救助等,且具有航速快、技术先进、稳性良好的特点。     

信道估计下的导航接收机多址干扰消除

针对无线电导航系统中存在多址干扰，提出了一种插入导频信号实现信道估计的算法，并在此基础上恢复干扰导航台信号，采用并行干扰抵消算法消除干扰信号。比较分析了干扰消除接收机与传统RAKE接收机在不同信噪比环境下的性能，分析表明，所提出的干扰消除算法易于实现，大大降低了接收机的误码率，缩小了接收机受“远-近”效应影响的区域。     

小型水面船舶惯导系统标校方法初探

介绍水面船舶安装惯导系统的重要性和惯导系统标校的实施环境及通常方法。分析小型水面船舶在惯导标校上的特殊性,并针对小型水面船舶惯导系统的标校给出了两种方案建议。     

“南越王船”研究

作者对西汉南越文王墓出土的一个提筒上的船纹进行了研究，发现该船纹绘有首锚、水密舱、尾舵，由此可见首锚、水密舱、尾舵在我国出现的时间应不迟于秦汉时期。